Bafa Bafa - 937 Words

BaFa BaFa is a cultural game which consist of two cultures, the Alpha and the Beta. The Alpha were more friendly and did not care to much for competition. They also like to touch and speak very close to one another. The males for the Alpha were of higher importance then women. As for the Beta they were all about competition and were always moving around. They also speak in a different language. I was chosen to be an Alpha. As in Alpha I did as I was told but when it was time to visit the Beta I was nervous. As I entered the room everyone was walking around no one really greeted me. All they were interested in was competing to get certain playing cards. I could not understand them and I felt lost and confused. I wanted to get back to my†¦show more content†¦But it is easier said then done. We can also blame the media for always depicting a certain race. Such as people on welfare being black or hispanic or sex offenders as being only people in the priesthood. But in many cases we can not control our kids as they get older such as my sister in law, we can not control what they go through in life we just have to keep reassuring them that not everyone is bad. That if we take people as individuals and not as groups maybe we will view people in a different light. But as reality is, we are far from it, what we experience in our past and in our future depends on what kind of person we are today and what kind of person we want people to look at us in. We can only change the future and create our own perception as we get older andShow MoreRelatedBafa2183 Words   |  9 PagesBafa Bafa Concrete Experience During this experiment I was part of the Beta Group, which consisted of learning how to speak Betan and learning the rules to trade other Betans to get seven cards of the same color in numerical order from 1 to 7. The other group, the Alphans, are a very â€Å"touchy group† and they only had one leader whom had to give permission to other guy Alphas to talk to a girl. Alphas were more about having fun while Betans were all about themselves trying to accomplish their ownRead MoreMy First Impression Of Bafa Bafa After Hearing The Rules968 Words   |  4 PagesBafa Bafa Reflection My first impression of Bafa Bafa after hearing the rules was that it would be an enjoyable class activity. Little did I know, that the activity would go much deeper than just being a class activity. Bafa Bafa simulates the human interactions in the world as we know it. It teaches a lesson of diversities and miscommunications between them. It permits everyone and anyone to experience the notion of being foreign or an outcast. In Bafa Bafa, I was a part of the Alpha cultureRead MoreWhat Is Implementation Of The BAFA Community Risk Reduction Plan891 Words   |  4 Pages Implementation of the BAFA Community Risk reduction plan can be broken down into: resources, personnel, programs, structure, and culture. Resources: We will work with our administration to ensure that we have the financial resources needed to begin the purchase of materials outlined in the the strategy section above as well as the necessary approval for payroll increases to fulfill the time required for the additional programming. Outside agencies and groups such as Livingston County EMSRead MoreSocial Structure of Bangladesh2920 Words   |  12 PagesDances Dancing in Bangladesh draws freely from the sub continental classical forms as well as the folk, tribal, ballet and Middle Eastern strains. Of the tribal dances, particularly popular are Manipuri and Santhal. The Bulbul Academy of Fine Arts (BAFA), set up in Dacca in the early fifties, played a pioneering role in the promotion of dances in the country.   A number of other cultural organizations have helped in popularizing the art. No cultura1 evening in this country is complete without a dance

Female Mathematicians Essay - 1686 Words

Throughout history, women have been looked down upon and seen as insubordinate and incapable. Women were never viewed as equal to men until about the 1950s. History will also tell us that men dominated the mathematical scene and have made the biggest contributions in that field, yet this does not seem to be the case. Women have had just as big an impact on math as men have, if not a bigger contribution.They still continue to rock the mathematical world today. Various women such as Hypatia from the ancient Greeks, Grace Chisholm Young from England at the turn of the century, to Mary Fairfax Somerville from the Imperialist English, and Maria Gaetana Agnesi from Modern Enlightenment in Italy have all contributed in major ways to the†¦show more content†¦Hypatia’s most well-known improvements to science and astronomy include her re-inventing of the hydrometer and charting of the stars. In mathematics, she is most notable for her contributions to working on different coni c sections.Simply by dividing cones in different ways on a plane, she was able to develop the idea of different graphs and shapes such as parabolas, ellipses, and hyperbolas. Her understanding of the conic sections lead her to be one of the key contributors to the invention of the astrolabe as well (Morrow 1998). Christianity became extremely popular in Alexandria during the time when Hypatia lived there along with many riots breaking out. She was a pagan and known for defending science against any form of religion. She was mercilessly killed by an angry mob who accused her of religious turmoil. Although she died a horrible death of being stripped of her skin and limbs, her legacy lived and still lives. Mathematics was thriving in Athens, so that is where her students eagerly fled to. Although, many of her works that were stored in the library of Alexandria were destroyed by an Arab invasion. Hypatia is an important symbol for many generations and will always be considered to be th e first woman in mathematics. The next woman to be discussed is Grace Chisholm Young. She was a mathematician from England and received her education at Girton College in Cambridge, England. She then continued herShow MoreRelatedSophie Germain : An Important Date896 Words   |  4 Pageswealthy family to say the least. Like any parents in the 1700 s, Ambroise and Marie did not want Sophie to grow up and be a mathematician, but that is later. First we must know what was happening around the time of Sophie s birth. Although Sophie Germain was born into a very wealthy family, she was not of the aristocratic status. Soon after the birth of the great mathematician Sophie Germain a very detrimental thing happened in France. In 1789, the French Revolution began keeping poor Sophie cooped-upRead More Human Gender and Mathematics Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesa career in mathematics, their research was sometimes viewed as questionable. I will defend the fact that, Women have the same capabilities of achieving in mathematics than men do. However, you probably have heard of more male mathematicians than female mathematicians because historically, the male is labeled to be smarter in the subject of mathematics. In many cases this is not true. Women were viewed upon as equal in mathematical ability when they began making amazing discoveries in mathematicsRead More Women Mathematicians: Why So Few? Essays1110 Words   |  5 PagesWomen Mathematicians: Why So Few? The great field of mathematics stretches back in history some 8 millennia to the age of primitive man, who learned to count to ten on his fingers. This led to the development of the decimal scale, the numeric scale of base ten (Hooper 4). Mathematics has grown greatly since those primitive times, in the present day there are literally thousands of laws, theorems, and equations which govern the use of ten simple symbols representing the ten base numbers. TheRead More The Mathematical Abilities of Women Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesa seemingly simply asked question and have failed to come up with a practical answer why it is so. The question, How come you know more male mathematicians than female? is one that I, previously uninformed on this subject plan to supply data that may help to lead to one clearly defined answer. One reason why women are out numbered is that the females were shunned from society throughout history. The men did not allow women to do certain things. For example, girls growing up weren’t allowed toRead MoreAn Exploration Into The Lack Of Female Interest1654 Words   |  7 PagesAn Exploration into the Lack of Female Interest in Mathematics and Possible Solutions to the Problem Introduction As soon as the suggested topics were revealed, it was obvious to me which topic caught my attention, ‘Equity in mathematics learning and teaching – addressing social issues related to gender, class and ethnicity’. Obviously this topic was too broad a subject for me to research into with any depth so I began researching into the area which would most interest me. The result was the issueRead MoreGender, Gender And Mastery At Integers Or Monomials And Post Assessment Of Twelve Females At The Time905 Words   |  4 Pagesmales and eight females at the time. The analysis was completed using the post-assessment of thirteen male and eight female students due to a male student being absent for both pre- and post-assessments. 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If women are reared inRead MoreDifferences between Males and Females724 Words   |  3 PagesDifferences between Males and Females An Essay in Compare and Contrast First of all, it is true that there are several things that uniquely distinguished males from females in terms of roles play within the society, the physical appearance, voice, brain cells, brain size, communication skills and career selections. Males are popularly known as the head of the family and the bread winner, whereas females are commonly referred to as the home maker and also the comforter in time of sorrow. One of theRead More Beauty, Biology, and Society Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Cultures), have for fairer skin? Beauty is experienced through visual stimuli. The human beings intake of beauty is through both conscious and unconscious decisions. (4) (4) The question is what motivates our unconscious decisions? 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Sample Pr Campaign Free Essays

string(110) " future endeavors as it is under constant scrutiny due to the doping allegations surrounding Lance Armstrong\." Communications Plan Addressing Most Pressing Reputational Issues Facing Livestrong Background of current issue facing Livestrong Foundation Lance Armstrong – the 7 time Tour De France winner, cancer survivor and founding chairman of the Livestrong Foundation, has been facing a lot of pressure and criticism from the media and the public due to allegations of doping made by the United States Anti Doping Agency (BBC, 2012). On October 17 2012 Armstrong resigned as Chairman due to allegation of doping (Mary, 2012). In November 2012, Lance Armstrong officially stepped down from the board of directors and ended his association with the Livestrong Foundation which was then known as The Lance Armstrong Foundation (Mclaggan, 2012; Vertuno, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Pr Campaign or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, despite this, the opinion of the people towards the Livestrong Foundation is one of prejudice. Many companies who formally endorsed Armstrong have dropped him from their campaigns. Some of these companies were Nike, Trek Bicycles, Giro, FRS (energy products), and 24 Hours Fitness (Petchesky, 2012). Various reasons were given by the heads of these organizations as to why Armstrong was dropped. FRS Chief of Marketing commented: â€Å"this seems like a good time to part ways† while 24 Hours Fitness stated: â€Å"our business relationship with Armstrong no longer aligns with our company’s mission and values† (Schrotenboer, 2012). These and many more statements were made in regards to the doping allegations. Armstrong’s reputation and image is currently deteriorating rapidly. There are many opinions from segments of society (such as the public and the media,) regarding the Livestrong Foundation after this alleged scandal. Here is a brief overview of the situation from various stakeholders (See Appendix for Livestrong Foundation view): The Public: The public had varied opinions. There has been one section of people who have stood strongly by Lance Armstrong and the Livestrong Foundation. They stand by the fact that the foundation is still about researching a cure for cancer and so it will always be respected in the eyes of the community. Lou Hablas has supported Livestrong for years and worn the iconic yellow bracelet in honor of his uncle, stepmother and friends who have lost loved ones to cancer. The 49-year-old Georgia resident says he’ll continue to wear the bracelet despite news that embattled cyclist Lance Armstrong is stepping down as chairman of the charity he founded 15 years ago. But the poster of Armstrong leading his Discovery teammates in the team time trial at the 2005 Tour de France is coming down from his office wall amid news that the U. S. Anti-Doping Agency found â€Å"overwhelming† evidence of Armstrong’s involvement in doping as a professional cycler. â€Å"What Lance initiated through the formation of a foundation in his name and efforts through Livestrong far exceed this formal and seemingly final recognition of Lance’s fallibility, Cancer sucks and it is much bigger than Lance Armstrong † Hablas said in an interview with CNN (CNN, 2012). The feeling of Lou Hablas mirrors the feeling of millions around the world. While they still continue to strongly support the Livestrong, their respect for Lance Armstrong has diminished due to the doping incident. They are able to separate the foundation from Lance Armstrong and the controversy surrounding Lance Armstrong does not change their opinion on the Livestrong Foundation. On the other hand, there has also been a large segment of the public who have lost their faith in the Livestrong Foundation. Wendy Adams of Manchester, Pennsylvania, and her sisters have been wearing their yellow bracelets since their father was diagnosed with end stage prostate cancer in 2004. When her father died in 2005, the family respected his wish to be cremated wearing the bracelet and spent $200 dollars on the bracelets for family and friends to hand out. Now, she says she can’t wear the bracelet with pride anymore because of its connection to Armstrong and the organization. She has taken it off and vows to never again wear it. She says â€Å"Lance is Livestrong, he is the face of hope. And when that face is that of a liar, a manipulator, for me? I can’t wear it with pride anymore. † (Ibid) Therefore we see that the public has different opinions regarding the Livestrong Foundation after Lance Armstrong’s doping scandal. But the vast majority of people are able to distinguish between the Livestrong Foundation and Lance Armstrong. They recognize that the Livestrong Foundation is about cancer which is much bigger than Lance Armstrong and the foundation needn’t suffer due to the Lance Armstrong scandal. The Media: The media has been investigating the Livestrong Foundation closely after the Lance Armstrong doping scandal. The Livestrong Foundation has been under intense scrutiny recently. Bill Gifford, a journalist from OUTSIDE magazine, released an article stating that the Livestrong Foundation doesn’t in fact do much to fund research to find a cancer cure (Gifford 2012). He states in his article â€Å"Equally interesting is what the foundation doesn’t do. Most people—including nearly everybody I surveyed while reporting this story—assume that Livestrong funnels large amounts of money into cancer research. Nope. The foundation gave out a total of $20 million in research grants between 1998 and 2005, the year it began phasing out its support of hard science. A note on the foundation’s website informs visitors that, as of 2010, it no longer even accepts research proposals† (Ibid. ). Gifford also goes on to say that the primary goal of the Livestrong Foundation is to advertise and promote Lance Armstrong as he is the face of the foundation. He says â€Å"I found a curiously fuzzy mix of cancer-war goals like â€Å"survivorship† and â€Å"global awareness,† labels that seem to entail plastering the yellow Livestrong logo on everything from T-shirts to medical conferences to soccer stadiums. Much of the foundation’s work ends up buffing the image of one Lance Edward Armstrong, which seems fair—after all, Livestrong wouldn’t exist without him. But Livestrong spends massively on advertising, PR, and â€Å"branding,† all of which helps preserve Armstrong’s marketability at a time when he’s under fire. † Such stakeholder viewpoints illustrate that Livestrong has to be careful in all its future endeavors as it is under constant scrutiny due to the doping allegations surrounding Lance Armstrong. You read "Sample Pr Campaign" in category "Papers" This may have serious impacts related to the loss of Livestrong’s reputation and hence the challenge is in disassociating the Livestrong brand from its founder Lance Armstrong. The message must be communicated that Livestrong is about the fight against cancer at a global level, rather than a mere doping scandal by its founder. ————————————————- The key issues identified previously in this report highlight the importance of rebuilding Livestrong’s brand image in a manner that refocuses public attention towards Livestrong’s over-arching agenda and manifesto: To fight cancer with determination in the face of adversity. The following communications plan outlining key aims, objectives, strategies and tactics has been produced with this message at heart. The formal severing of ties with Lance Armstrong, are the first steps taken by the Livestrong Foundation towards this process. ————————————————- PHASE 1 Key Aims * Identify key stakeholders that are currently affected by the crisis, who it may affect and why. * Refocus public attention towards cancer victims and inspirational cancer fighters supported by Livestrong. Ensure that communication is clear, compelling, continuous, consistent and sustained. * Ensure that engagement, understanding and commitment amongst internal stakeholders is achieved in relation to implementing strategies and tactics to overcome crisis. Promotional Channel: Public Relations Objective: Honest and sincere Acknowledgement of the problem Livestrong is facing, the act ion taken and highlighting the need to focus on the true adversary – cancer itself. Strategy: Communicate in totality to internal and external stakeholders within the next 6 months. Tactics: 1) Organising a press conference A spokesperson that holds a prominent role in the Livestrong Foundation will address the public. In preparation for the press conference, the spokesperson will be given full media training beforehand in responding to questions by the press such as: What is Livestrong’s current stance on doping? How does Livestrong plan to attract donations when its founding member can no longer inspire donors or call on celebrity contacts? Who will lead the organisation now that Armstrong has stepped down? What will be the next steps of the charity? etc. (More questions will be prepared for media training, closer towards the launch of the press conference). The Spokesperson will begin the conference by acknowledging the doping allegations made towards Livestrong’s former founder which have resulted in the foundation formally severing ties with Lance Armstrong. The spokesperson will then, make it explicit that it was a necessary decision made with the true cause at mind – Fighting Cancer, which at the moment is not receiving ull attention by the foundation and its public due to Armstrong’s doping allegations. The spokesperson will highlight the significant difference made by the Livestrong Foundation in its long-term fight against cancer through conducting educational programs emphasising on healthy lifestyle, anti-stigma campaigns and Grassroots fundraising events; all done in order to raise awareness, increase outreach and facilitate collaboration in an effort to improve the situation of cancer patients. Furthermore, the spokesperson will highlight that it is important for the public to keep in mind these contributions made by Livestrong in the fight against cancer and will advise the public to ‘look at two separate people: Lance Armstrong the cycling champion allegedly turned drug-user and Lance Armstrong the cancer fighter and symbol of inspiration† of which the latter was the reason for Livestrong’s success until this point. Not only does Livestrong reach out to cancer patients, but also to those who look for inspiration, determination and hope, in their darkest hours of need. After these key points are made, the spokesperson will invite the press for a QA session. 2) Distributing press releases and feature articles online and offline Firstly, a number of press releases will be distributed to key media outlets (offline) and wired agencies (e. g. Reuters online), raising and addressing similar points to that of the press conference. Secondly, feature stories focusing on Livestrong Foundation support given to local and national cancer victims and their families will be distributed (both online and offline) in local and national media outlets. These stories will focus on an angle showing the determination of the cancer victims, survivors and their families and how Livestrong aids them in this journey through emotional and financial support; essentially, communicating in a compelling way to engage the public with Livestrong. Further, by distributing a considerable number of press releases and feature stories online, it would ensure that members of the public will encounter such stories which focus on Livestrong’s positive impact on society, in effect, proving to be a cost effective-method achieving search engine optimisation (SEO). 3) Social media engagement Firstly, a video release will be made (utilising YouTube) featuring the incoming board chairman of the foundation – Jeff Garvey, who outlines the next steps that will be taken by the Livestrong Foundation followed by the severing of ties with its former chairman – Lance Armstrong. This would mainly involve giving undivided attention towards the Livestrong Foundation mission in â€Å"providing free financial, practical and emotional support services for cancer survivors and their families. † This video will then be attached to Livestrong’s website, Facebook page, Twitter account and Blog. This will be followed by an invitation to the public to give their honest opinion about Livestrong and suggest ideas about what steps the foundation could take in order to better contribute to its fight against cancer. In addition, a competition will be posted on Facebook and Twitter announcing that the winner who suggests the most creative and engaging idea will have their name as part of the next Livestrong campaign title and the opportunity take part as one of the campaign team leaders. Not only will this type of approach promote symmetrical communication between Livestrong and the Public, but also indirectly suggests that Livestrong is trying its best to move past the Lance Armstrong doping scandal and refocus all its energy towards fighting cancer. ) Establishing an Intranet system for internal stakeholders of the Livestrong Foundation Given the possibility that not all members, employees and shareholders may be aware of the severity of the issue concerning Lance Armstrong’s alleged doping scandal and the strategic action taken to repair Livestrong’s reputation; an intranet will be established to provide the latest information on the issue and steps taken to rebuilding Livestrong ’s brand image in a manner that refocuses public attention towards Livestrong’s battle against cancer. The intranet page will be maintained by a trained team who will monitor current problems, predict any future revelations and watch the movements of public and media opinion closely. This will also provide the opportunity for internal stakeholders to ask questions, post responses, and contribute ideas about the crisis in a community sphere. Measurement and Evaluation Firstly, feedback could be gained from journalists, who will attend the press conference, on whether the responses given by the Livestrong Foundation were sufficient in communicating Livestrong’s future intentions and vision purely focused on battling cancer. The press releases and feature stories will be evaluated in relation to how consistent, clear and compelling they are in producing communication outcomes (e. g. Whether the key message was fully, partially, incorrectly, negative/positively, etc. conveyed . In relation to evaluating the level of public engagement with social media, they will be measured according to the tone of communication. For example, whether the blog, twitter and Facebook responses by the public, were positive, balanced, neutral or negative. Furthermore, this will also be measured by tracking levels of public engagement. E. g. whether target audiences are: Lurking, Casual, Active, Committed or Loyal. The activity on the intranet will be measured in a similar fashion although it would also include tracking the amount of internal stakeholder response within a period of 6 months. Given that the above strategies and tactics are successful and meet the objective, the Livestrong Foundation can move towards the 2nd phase which involves creatively utilising the promotional channels of Advertising and Viral Marketing. Note: The above strategies were considered after examining the cases of Sony and Dell when they faced a product defect issue where they avoided damages to their reputation through responses received through their established crisis website (Larkin and Register, 2008:63) Further, the case concerning the rebranding of Scope – the charity organisation for cerebral palsy – was also examined in detail (Scope, 2012). ————————————————- ————————————————- PHASE 2 Promotional Channel : Advertising Objective: Ensure a new and improved understanding of Livestrong by the public. Strategy: Creating a new advertisement to broadcast Livestrong’s new image. Tactics: Two different advertisements will be made for two groups of audiences. 1. Advertisement directed towards the general public: This advertisement features a little girl frolicking happily in a garden. The whole frame is colourful. Suddenly, a monster called â€Å"cancer† appears, and a thunder storm occurs. The little girl begins to cry in fear. At this time, a large number of Livestrong wristbands appear to fight the monster and protect the little girl. The wristbands knock the monster down and sunshine prevails. The slogan: Let Livestrong Protect the One You Love then appears . The advertisement will be shot in the style of caricature which makes it simple and easy to comprehend. Even children will be able to understand the advertisement; therefore, the target audience is broadened. This inspiration comes from Fresh Start—the campaign which is called up by Welsh government to stop smoking in cars. This campaign used children as their starting points and inspired people stopping smoking. ((2012). GOLLEY SLATER LAUNCHES FRESH START WALES. Online] Last accessed December 13th). 2. Advertisement directed towards cancer survivors and their families The second advertisement is aimed at encouraging people who have suffered from cancer to be hopeful and to trust Livestrong. This advertisement will focus on the reliability of the Livestrong foundation. The advertisement has a black and white tone to portray people’s emotion aft er knowing that they get cancer. This scene will simply focus on the facial shots of people who have just found out that they have cancer. Sad music plays in the background to enhance the affect. After this, the Livestrong wristbands appear. The yellow color of the wristband symbolizes sunshine and how Livestrong can brighten the lives of those who suffer from this terrible disease. The advertisement ends with the frame being full of sunshine and smiles on the faces of the people who suffer from cancer. Platform: These advertisements will be played in public places, such as subway stations and bus stops because it has a wider reach in terms of viewers. Some posters with a similar theme will also be used as outdoor advertisements. There will also be a donation box near the screen. This is done because people will feel the need to donate immediately after viewing such a touching advertisement. Prediction: It is estimated that 6 months into the advertising campaign, the awareness of Livestrong will increase by 30%. Also, the donation towards the Livestrong foundation will also increase about 10%. Promotional Channel : Viral Marketing Objective: Increase people’s awareness of Livestrong Strategy: Take advantage of social media, such as Youtube, Twitter and Facebook to let more people know Livestrong’s new image Tactics: 1. Flash Mob There will be several â€Å"flash mob† activities in target cities, such as London and Manchester, which means organizing about 50 people at the city landmark wearing Livestrong apparel and repeat the Livestrong’s slogan. All this will be recorded and broadcasted onto social media sites. This tactic is inspired by the popularity of Psy’s Gangnam Style. Gangnam Style’s shoot to popularity is attributed to the effective use of social media through which it gained global recognition. 2. Twitter and Livestrong Another activity, mainly to do with Twitter, can also be undertaken. A custom designed poster stating â€Å"Keep Calm and Trust Livestrong† will be posted by Livestrong. Every time the poster is re-tweeted, Livestrong will donate 1 pound towards a cancer rehabilitation center. This action will not only help people who suffer from cancer, but will also pique the attention and interest of the people and increase brand awareness. Platform: Social media will be the main platform for this strategy as it is currently more popular than traditional means of marketing. Social media will reach a very wide range of audience†¦ from the youth to the older generation. Also, the broadcasting speed of social media is faster compared to broadcasting via traditional means. ————————————————- Prediction: In this six months campaign, Livestrong’s exposure rate on social media will increase and people will have more positive aspects to discuss about Livestrong. ————————————————- Word Count: 3,275 References British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). (2012), â€Å"Lance Armstrong receives US Anti-Doping Agency charges. ’ [Online] Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/sport/0/cycling/18435771 [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Burleigh, N. (2012), ‘Will Livestrong Stay Strong? ’ [Online] Available at: http://www. bicycling. com/news/featured-stories/will-livestrong-stay-strong? page=0,1 [Accessed: 1 December 2012] CNN (2012) ‘Livestrong bracelet: To wear or not to wear?. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. cnn. co. uk/2012/10/18/living/lance-armstrong-livestrong-legacy/index. html [Accessed: 1 December 2012] Gifford, B. (2012), ‘It’s not about the lab rats. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. outsideonline. com/outdoor-adventure/athletes/lance-armstrong/Its-Not-About-the-Lab-Rats. tml? page=all [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Golly Slater (2012), ‘Golly Slater launches Fresh Start Wales. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. golleyslater. co. uk/services/public-relations/news/news-detail. php? id=976 [Accessed 29 November 2012] Livestrong (2012) Livestrong Milestones [Online]. Available at: http://www. livestrong. org/Who-We-Are/Our-History/Milest ones [Accessed: 10 December 2012]. Maclaggan, C. (2012) ‘Exclusive: Livestrong cancer charity drops Lance Armstrong name from title’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. chicagotribune. om/sports/olympics/sns-rt-us-cycling-armstrong-livestrongbre8ae000-20121114,0,6273785. story [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Mary, P. (2012) ‘Armstrong Is Dropped by Nike and Steps Down as Foundation Chairman. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2012/10/18/sports/cycling/lance-armstrong-dropped-by-nike-steps-down-as-chairman-of-his-charity. html? pagewanted=all [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. New York Times (2012) ‘Times Topic: Lance Armstrong. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/lance_armstrong/index. tml [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Petchsky, B. (2012), ‘A full list of the brave brave companies that dropped lance Armstrong only after Nike did. ’ [Online] Available at: http://deadspin. co m/5952679/a-full-list-of-the-brave-brave-companies-that-dropped-lance-armstrong-as-an-endorser-only-after-nike-did. [Accessed: 1 December 12]. Regester, M. Larkin, J. , (2008) Risk Issues and Crisis Management in Public Relations: A Casebook of Best Practice. London: Kogan Page. Schrotenboer, B. (2012), ‘Livestrong: Only 8 donors asked for their money back. ’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. usatoday. om/story/sports/cycling/2012/11/12/livestrong-lance-arms trong-doping/1700831/ [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Scope (2012), ‘The Spastics Society to Scope: The story of the name change and relaunch November in 1994. ’ [Online] Available at: http://www. scope. org. uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/History/Scope_name_change. pdf [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. Vertuno, J. (2012) ‘Lance Armstrong Cuts Formal Ties to Livestrong, Resigns from Board’ [Online]. Available at: http://www. therepublic. com/view/story/c98e415cc01346f19a7a67a12ead195f/CYC–Ar mstrong-Livestrong [Accessed:1 December 2012]. Wall Street Journal (2012) Statement by Lance Armstrong [Online]. Available at: http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052702303734204577464962634804348. html [Accessed: 1 December 2012]. APPENDIX The Livestrong Foundation Perspective of Lance Armstron’s Allegations: The Livestrong Foundation was initially very supportive of Lance Armstrong during the doping incident. However, Lance Armstrong stepped down from the board of directors of the foundation and ended all association with Livestrong. This was done to ensure that the negative publicity directed towards Lance Armstrong would not affect Livestrong’s popularity. The incoming board chairman, Jeff Garvey, said that Armstrong was distancing himself from Livestrong to protect it against any damage resulting from his doping controversy. â€Å"Lance Armstrong was instrumental in changing the way the world views people affected by cancer,† Garvey said. â€Å"His devotion to serving survivors is unparalleled and for 15 years, he committed himself to that cause with all his heart. † (The New York Times 2012). Livestrong CEO Doug Ulman, a cancer survivor himself, sees the scandal as little more than a sad distraction from a noble cause, and he sees no need for a formal distancing from Armstrong. This organization has never been stronger in terms of fulfilling our mission and the support that we receive from literally millions of people,† he says. â€Å"We are trying to tackle a global problem, the number one cause of death around the world. And so the investigation unfortunately has become a distraction from our mission. We are li terally, positively changing lives every day and we have so much more to do and to be pulled away and distracted even for 10 minutes is How to cite Sample Pr Campaign, Papers

The Concept of Globalization in Business

Question: Explain The concept of globalization in business. Answer: Research Problem The concept of globalization in business has continued since ages, as long as 200 BC. Globalization, in modern business, is also a vital concept, especially for the business of import and export. Globalization aids to provide increased number of customers with cheaper costs of production. Even small businesses can benefit from globalization by outsourcing its production activities. Even import and export activities can strengthen the business by increasing the selling activities globally (Lambregts, Beerepoot Kloosterman, 2015). In todays world, most of the countries are open to global business concepts and promotes international trade that causes exchange of services and goods throughout national jurisdictions (Hamilton Webster, 2015). Although there has been absolute involvement of various companies in globalization activities, but there has been limited knowledge among them regarding its impact and activity. Qualitative analysis is not sufficient to locate and analyze the proble m. Therefore, quantitative analysis is necessary. There existed a gap in the analysis by qualitative research as it only provided information about the nature and depth of the issues, but it never really provided any information about the measurement and statistical precision that is very much required for addressing a hypothesis. Primary research has been carried only to discuss the problem, but there has not have been sufficient to quantitatively analyze the problem. For this, several researchers like Ching, Ghosh and Meschi have carried out research work in teams to study the effect of globalization in business for import and export. Their study examined several parameters quantitatively for a deeper understanding of the issues, on a global setting. The purpose of the research is to focus on the impact of globalization on import and export on the developing economies. The present assignment has been carried out to understand the impact of globalization on import and export activities for completion of the degree. Previously, a qualitative analysis was carried out to understand the concept of the impact of globalization on modern business, but it gave an overview of the concept, without any numerical data or quantitative analysis of the findings. Therefore, further research has been carried out to explore the research the problem with a quantitative methodology for a better understanding of the concept with numerical justifications. Ching et al. (2011) carried out a quantitative study where the researchers had utilized a panel data method for evaluating the accession of China to the World Trade Organization. Data of time series for different countries have been collected for construction of the growth path for analyzing Chinas growth history. Data analysis revealed that from the year 2002 to 2007, the economic growth rate of China was raised by 2.4% with the growth rate for export by 13% and import by 18.89% annually due to globalization. A quantitative study was carried out by Ghosh Sur (2015) and according to the research, globalization of technology, information and knowledge have brought about changes in the production process and organization nature. Globalization has enabled the Indian economy to allow foreign direct investment by the multinational companies and has promoted RD expenditure by various foreign industries. Data has been collected from the database of Capitaline Corporate for 14 industries of India engaged in manufacturing. Data analysis was done by multiple regression analysis and lo linear model. The study concluded by stating that globalization has helped to broaden the scope of import and export of goods and technology that has resulted in the economic growth. Meschi, Taymaz Vivarelli (2016) carried out a quantitative analysis and the study aimed at examining the relationship interlinking technological up gradation with globalization that affected wages and employment opportunities for both the workers, skilled and unskilled in Turkey. Data collection was done from a database that was on the firm level within a dynamic framework with Turkey as the developing economy. Data analysis was done by empirical analysis method by using a model named GMM-SYS for 15,000 firms. The study resulted in stating that change in technology that is skill based and trade for enhancing skill was due to globalization that increased employment and increased the gap of wage between the unskilled and skilled workers. Research Purpose Quantitative analysis will be done to understand the effect of globalization on the various parameters and how it helped for the growth of their economy and increased employment opportunities. The research would focus on determining how outsourcing by the developing countries and their internal globalization policies has placed them among the developed economies globally. The present assignment will involve data collection by literature survey from various databases and information will be gathered from the various study participants. These participants will be the industries from different countries whose growth rate will be measured that resulted due to the impact of globalization on business. Research Questions Investigate the economic benefits of globalization on the growth history of a developed economy from the study background and literature review. Analyze the impact of globalization on the technological advancement of a developing economy. Carry out an analytical study to demonstrate the benefits of globalization on technology and labor market, by analyzing the data from various resources. Quantitative Research Methodology For the present assignment, descriptive research methodology will be most suitable as it helps to describe the present status of the identified variable. Various data analysis methodologies like ANOVA and regression analysis will be employed in the study. The variable, in this case, is the impact of globalization that is different for different economies and gives different results for variable parameters (Creswell, 2013). Descriptive methodology helps to provide systemic information regarding the research and data analysis helps to build up the hypothesis. The descriptive methodology can help to address the research problem and answer the research questions of the present assignment. Quantitative research methodology employs numbers for testing hypothesis, the predictions are made by using the measured amounts, and the events are described using figures. Using the numbers enables the researchers to use powerful and advanced statistical tests for ensuring that the tests possess a statistical relationship and are not based merely on observations and descriptions. References CHING, H. S., HSIAO, C., WAN, S. K., WANG, T. (2011). Economic benefits of globalization: The impact of entry to the wto on china's growth.Pacific Economic Review,16(3), 285-301. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Ghosh, B. B., Sur, D. (2015). The Impact of Globalization on India's Technology Regime: A Quantitative Exploration of India's Organized Manufacturing Industries.IUP Journal of Applied Economics,14(2), 7. Hamilton, L., Webster, P. (2015).The international business environment. Oxford University Press, USA. Lambregts, B., Beerepoot, N., Kloosterman, R. C. (Eds.). (2015).The Local Impact of Globalization in South and Southeast Asia: Offshore Business Processes in Services Industries. Routledge. Meschi, E., Taymaz, E., Vivarelli, M. (2016).Globalisation, technology and the labour market: A microeconometric analysis for Turkey(No. 026). United Nations University-Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).

Air China Hrm Essay Example

Air China Hrm Paper Air China Human Resources Management Monday, 8 May 2006 Bader Al Sagri Contents 1Introduction3 2Context of the industry3 3Air China Business Challenges and Strategies4 3. 1Business Challenges4 3. 2Business Strategies4 4Analysis5 4. 1Recruitment Selection5 4. 2Training6 4. 3Compensation8 4. 3. 1Current policy8 4. 3. 2Issue identification9 5Human Resources Recommendation10 5. 1Recruitment and Selection10 5. 2Training10 5. 3Compensation10 5. 3. 1Short-term10 5. 3. 2Middle term recommendations:11 5. 3. 3Long-term recommendations:12 References13 Introduction Air travel plays a significant role in today’s world, not only for leisure passengers, but also for business passengers. Air travel has become an important form of transport for many and is no longer viewed as a service only for the elite, which is apparent when considering two billion airline passengers are transported annually. (ATAG, 2005) This in turn provides benefits to global economies, especially developing countries such as in the Asia Pacific. Air China is an example. In this report we will begin briefly by an Airline industry analysis. This is followed by Air China’s Business Challenges and Strategies, in which we will look into its HR Policies, and align it with Air China’s Overall Strategy. Then conclude with recommendations. Although, Air China has focused on 2 aspects of Human Resources Tools, one was of improving their employee evaluation system. We have chosen 3 HR tools, which does not include the employee evaluation system, not because its lack of importance, but its difficulty in finding appropriate information to develop a accurate analysis and recommendations on the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Air China Hrm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Air China Hrm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Air China Hrm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our 3 topics are: Recruitment Selection Training Compensation Context of the industry It’s amazing to know that 900 airlines are in operation that contributes to 22,000 aircrafts, flying over several million kilometers. (ATAG, 2005) In 2004, passenger traffic jumped 14% overall, 16% in international service from the previous year. (Rolls Royce, Donoghue, 2005) Although, there are 900 airlines, we only hear about the top airlines and their powerful brands. With 900 airlines, the airlines industry is an extremely competitive. Although, Chinese airlines have not emerged as global brands, with the exception of Cathy Pacific Airlines, they are now looking into the future, especially after Chinas induction into the World Trade Organization. Chinas economy is forecasted to grow by 8 percent a year through the year 2010 and an aviation market growing at rates above the world average. China is experiencing tremendous strain on its aviation and airport infrastructure. Over the next twenty years, China predicts that its air transportation passenger volume is expected to grow by an average of 8 percent annually, become the world’s second-largest aviation market, and will need to acquire an additional 2,600 aircraft to handle the volume. (US Commercial Service, 2005) Air China Business Challenges and Strategies Business Challenges One of the most challenges faced by Air China is that how to differentiate its service characteristics and value from competitors. Because of its current ownership (government owned), Air China with an outmoded and rigid management system lacks flexibility to advocate service quality and management model innovation (Efendiog and William 2003). As a result, Air China only copies other players’ training programs and management model without obvious competitive advantages to cope with imminent international and fiercer domestic competitions. Another challenge is China’s induction into the World Trade Organization (WTO), which has an agreement; four air transportation services should be opened among the member countries (Ahmed et al. 003). That means China Airlines will face significant challenges that will come from international airline players in the next five years. These international airline players have cutting-edge management model with advanced training technologies and facilities. While they have built good reputation with high-quality service and worldwide brand image. Business Strategies Th e Goal of Air china is to become not only the airline of choice within China but also one of the world’s most competitive airlines. Air China Limited, 2005) Air china aims to achieve this by enhancing their existing strengths, providing excellent passenger and cargo services and by implementing the strategies mentioned below. Strengthening the Beijing hub and expand Air China’s route network To meet the increasing market demand and strengthen its leading position in China, Air China plans to increase their fleet deployment in the Beijing Hub and optimize flight connections and improve ground services. Air China is also expanding its presence in Shanghai, which will provide a base for its international flights to Europe, the United States and Japan. To gain additional market share Air China has also commenced with code chare arrangements and acquisitions/investments in other airlines. (Air China Limited, 2005) Enhance the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts Air China aims to achieve this by intensify the sales and marketing efforts at business travellers and by further developing existing government and corporate relationships. Air China also plans to broaden the rewards offered by the frequent flyer program and also enhances their interactions with travel agencies to promote their routes and travel packages to attract more leisure passengers. Air china also plans to increase the use of low-cost distribution channels such as electronic ticketing and online sales with the aim of strengthening their direct sales efforts. Being the official airlines partner of the 2008 Beijing Olympics also will help to promote the brand name of the airline. (Air China Limited, 2005) Improve our service quality Air China understands the need to improve and maintain their safety standards and on time performance and provide customized services. Air China plans to reconfigure its first-class and business-class cabins by installing larger and more comfortable seats and upgrading the in-flight entertainment system. Air China is also emphasising the need to improve to improve overall cabin service by emphasising the need for training and enhancing the communication skills of our flight crews. (Air China Limited, 2005) Improve the employee evaluation system Air China has emphasised the need to improve employee performance by providing systematic training, establishing concrete performance goals and implementing a comprehensive evaluation system for its employees. The introduction of performance based rewards systems to the top-performing employees has led to the development of a customer-focused service culture. (Air China Limited, 2005) Analysis Recruitment Selection Due to a growing concern for safety, ever-increasing consumer expectation to excellent service and severe competition, a well-developed human resource management system is crucial for the airline company to assist to obtain competitive advantage. According to a research conducted in aviation industry, hiring the right people was one of the single most important issues in human resource management (Appelbaum and Fewster, 2002). Therefore, recruitment and selection processes are two of the most important human resource functions, being aimed at recruiting and selecting the best person to fulfil the organizational goal. Both processes should be designed to ensure equal employment opportunity and anti-discrimination legislation and policies, and at the same time, should align activities with corporate strategy (Appelbaum and Fewster, 2002). After the reform program in 2002, the new Air China reconstructed the strategy: take the safety and security as the foundation; take the market as the guide; keep on the spirit of safety first and customers highest, concentrate on satisfying the customers and making them feel relieved, satisfactory, comfortable and moved, aim at both national and international markets, target to compare with famous global airlines by 2010 in terms of securities, services and products (Air China, a). To realize the goal, Air China is endeavouring to attract and select talented employees for the positions of flight attendants. Mainly, Air China utilizes multiple sources for recruitment, such as internet, search firm, employment agencies, schools, newspaper ads, organization publication, an so one. According to its latest recruitment ads, the essential requirements are: age (no older than 23), height (limited between 164 cm to 170 cm), eyesight (rectification 0. 7 up), English ability (equivalent to college English level) and education level (no lower than college). When presenting application forms, applicants are ask to have a preliminary physical check in terms of age, height, eyesight, weight. During the selection process, the first interview is held for physical recheck, and an exam of written and spoken English. The applicants who passed the first interview can attend the second interview, which consists of 10 minutes of speech, involving self-introduction, explaining self-understanding of the position and related responsibly, and answering the questions raised by the interviewer group (Air China, b). The multiple methods of recruitment ensure the attraction of interested applicants, and the requirements are basically based on the requirement of corporate strategy, especially, the essential needs of English ability as well as relatively high education level are in line with the target of entering international market and providing advanced service. Moreover, during the second interview, the process that the applicants are asked to describe their understanding of the job and liability as well answer the questions instantly is good to hire staffs with better understanding of the job and quick reaction. However, some basic requirements are probably too strict to constrain the broad choice. For example, all the applicants should be younger than 23 and have college above educational level. In china, students are at the age of 21-22 when graduate from college normally, therefore, a big amount of talents are excludes. In addition, it seems that Air China takes appearance seriously rather than inner beauty and calibre. There is no requirement and no test of personality and the ability of working well in a team environment, which are crucial conditions of providing qualified service. According to a poll of â€Å"2005 Best Airliner† implemented by Civil Aviation Resource Net of China, evaluating the quality of service in terms of the flight attendants’ working status and friendliness, Air China is not within top three (Civil Aviation Resource Net of China). Assumably, the flight attendants of Air China are not as elegant as customers expect. Training As the third largest carrier in China, Air China has experienced dramatic changes in both international and domestic market. Air China emphasizes Total Quality Management Model and customer-oriented service philosophy to compete with other strong rivals in airline industry. Although Air China invests heavily in both infrastructure and technology, it still understand that staff is the crucial factor for the organizational development. Therefore, Air China adopts a complete and holistic method to develop its human resource management, in particular concentrating on improvement of its employee training. There are two types of training programs adopted in Air China: function training program and general management training program. Function training is to provide specific skills to jobholders in order to cultivate their competence and confidence at specific skills. Function training includes a few core parts: cabin service, aviation operation, business training, IT, security, airport service training and engineering. General management training includes teamwork management, resource management, customer service management, etc. According to its’ customer-oriented service philosophy, Air China pushes a series of training programs to advance inside service skills and quality, such as customer service, amenity and proprieties, service skills, marketing strategy and customer psychology (Air China Website, 2006). In addition, Air China out sources advanced training and management model from other countries. For instance, Air China sent seventy employees to Korean Air to accept on-the-job training for one year during the past years. These training programs improve Air China service quality and advance its competitive competence in a fast changing competition environment. Moreover, Air China makes use of employee surveys and customer feedback to gain valuable information for future improvement and development of employee training. Furthermore, Air China considers that customer complain rate is a key index for evaluating individual performance. The demand of domestic market for air service is growing remarkably in China because of fast economic development. For example, people prefer to travel rather than stay at homes during holidays. In addition, attracted by the huge potential business market in China, many international companies invest in China. These companies’ business travel composes a major part of the demand for air service (Ahmed et al. 2003). Facing the growing demand, Air China utilizes itself advantages to seize new customers and retain old customers as well. For instance, Air China carried out a customer service questionnaire before Spring Festival Holidays. Air China gain many valuable suggestions and feedback from key customers through the questionnaire, and then Air China organized an intensive service quality training for employees focused on relevant problems, including service attitude, business skills, purchasing environment and post-purchase service, etc. As a result, Air China’s service gains more and more recognition from new and old customers. Furthermore, China successfully won the bid to host the 2008 summer Olympics Game. This also drives Air China to differentiate between its service philosophy and competitors in order to increase its market share. Air China should understand how to employ itself resources to compete with powerful competitors in future. Compensation Chen (2005) reported that the total rewards in China Airline include salary, incentives, and benefits. Due to the diversity and expatriates of the staff, China Airline’s rewards system was designed in international human resource management. Current policy Chen (2005) reported the total rewards strategy of China Airline provides the link between business strategy, motivation and job satisfaction. We define the issues in six categories: taxation, insurance, inflation, allowance, equalization of performance appraisal, and citizenship. Taxation issues include 3 aspects. They are eligibility requirements for benefits under each country’s social security system, the superannuation and pension benefits, and the problem with double taxation. And the recommendations are tax-equalization, totalization treaties, out-sourcing, and early planning Insurance issues include death, sickness insurance, property insurance, third countries risk and diseases risky. The recommendations of insurance are using international insurances, early planning and check out local health situation to set stand. Allowance issues contain hardship or site allowance and cost-of-living allowance. They usually turn up incomplete allowance, and overlapped allowance. Equalization of performance appraises issue means the problem of internal inequity. And the recommendations are establish a clear allowance policy, good communication channels with employees, ensure the competitiveness of expatriate and repatriate package, ensure the program is cost-effective, Out-sourcing, base salary plus benefit packages. The issue with inflation is coming with the issue of the value of compensation, which would be influenced dramatically by the inflation. The solution is to use a CPI indexation. Citizenships issues include Illegibility of citizenship (children and adult) and ‘bandits’ problem. And the solutions are sign contract before leaving, repatriation planning and career improvement and development, standardized treatment and construct proper balance sheet. Issue identification Short-term issues/ problems: In the short term, there are mainly issues with the taxation and insurance. For the tax issue, one of the main problems identified is the eligibility requirement for benefits under each country’s social security system. Along with the contribution of taxes, individuals may also become subject for social security fund in both countries. The cost largely varies between countries, and sometime there is two fold cost (Sparrow, 2000). Another problem identified is double taxation and who is responsible for the extra liability. The problem of double taxation occurs when a taxpayer depart from his/her home country to work in a foreign country, and becomes ubject to the taxes system in both countries on the same income (Stone, 2002). Long-term issues/ problems: There are long-term issues in three aspects. The first one is equalization of performance appraisal; Problems of internal inequity can arise. For example, A Chinese manager based in Hong Kong will be paid less than a US, Japanese, Singaporean or local counterpart. The organization’s point of vie w can be explained very logical, but it generally does not sit well with employees who find themselves in this position. In long-term, dissatisfaction will occur in the organization. The second area is about expatriates and their families’ citizenships. There are two issues arises with the expatriate’s citizenship or residence status. The first one is because of some residence requirements of both the host country and the home country, the expatriate can’t come back after finishing the overseas assignment. The other situation is both of the host and home country want the expatriate to be their own citizen, the expatriate meets both of the two countries’ residence requirements, and because the lack of talent of the two countries, they want the expatriate to stay in their own country. The last one is still about the insurance. If the employee at overseas been handicapped or dead in the host country, it will cause long-term problems. If an employee dead, that will be lost of the company and lost of his/her family. They will lose him/her forever. If the employee was handicapped, he/she will lose the health body forever. That’s terrible, the company should carefully consider about this. Human Resources Recommendation We conclude with recommendations for Air China’s human resources tool that will help it accelerate its strategies and its competitive advantage. Although, Air China’s competitive advantage can be also developed in other areas other than Human Resources; Human Resources is still a vital part of its strategic direction and should not be overlooked lightly. Recruitment and Selection There are three recommendations regarding recruitment and selection. First of all, a good advertisement will include sufficient information on the job and organization (Dessler et al 2004), therefore, put more detailed job requirement on ads instead of several basic requirements. Second, convert the focus from appearance into internal calibre. Third, align more selection techniques with interview; for instance, work sampling measures, EQ tests, aptitude tests, and personality tests. Training For differentiating between its service philosophy and competitors in order to increase market share in future, Air China needs to understand that training, as a powerful tool, develops employees’ skill sets and associates employees with its’ culture, mission, vision and expectations. Through learning and utilizing modern management model and training technology to improve service quality, Air China must emphasize on these training policies in order to achieve its objectives and goals: a) providing more hours of training to different levels employees, b) spending more per employee on training, c) spending more budgets on technology training, d) using outside training providers and spending less on outside training providers, f) engaging more often in human performance practices, and g) concentrating on different training programs for different job-holders. Appelbaum and Brenda 2004) Compensation Short-term For the taxation, the first recommendation is to use tax equalization. This agreement is a type of income tax reimbursement approach that provides relief from double social security taxation. In this strategy, employee stays on the home payroll system (Krupp, 2003). Changes in conditions such as housing are compensated through extra allowance. An estimated tax o n these allowances is deducted in the home country to pay in the host country (Krupp, 2003). Secondly, airlines can also use bilateral income tax and Totalization treaties to protect both itself and international employees from double taxation and problems in social security fund. There are a number of these treaties exists throughout the world, designed to eliminating or minimizing double taxation, as well as social security coverage ((Krupp, 2003). Thirdly, it might also be practical to use outsourcing strategy. Taxation and civil law systems are high detailed and differ between countries. Since the internal human resource management team can concentrate more on core activities and project management, administration cost might reduce with increase in efficiency (Krupp, 2003). For the insurance issues, the managers need to give particular allowance of health insurance for the particular overseas employee. This allowance happens when the employee’s own country’s health insurance is higher than the host country’s. As it said before, the manager couldn’t ensure the employees won’t die or get sick in the foreign country. They should consider before send people overseas, and give the employees insurance plans. Although it can’t help all, while the employee gets sick or die, he/she at least can get compensation from the insurance program. The insurance should be planed based on the particular employee. They should consider the insurance policy in the foreign country and also the home country. Even sometimes they need to consider the peculiarity of the employee. For example, if he/she have some particular health problem. Middle term recommendations: For the inflation issues, CPI Indexation is the way to avoid this problem. By doing this, the compensation will be recalculate by Consumer Price Index in host country. Amartya Sen (1999) said CPI Indexation is a way to avoid the loss in inflation for international organizations. For the issues with allowance, Stone (2002) has given a dynamic way to solve the allowance problem. The allowance is complex, but most potential problems can be minimized if HR managers: * Establish a clear allowance policy that reflects organizational and HRM objectives and culture and that has the support of top management. Communicate the policy to both the employee and spouse * Ensure that the employees’ packages are competitive * Give the same care and attention to international compensation and benefit program that are given to the home-country program * Ensure that the international compensation and benefit program is cost-effective. For the insurance, the employer should consider giving the emp loyees in overseas the property insurance. The employer also should consider buying own country’s insurance or host country’s insurance. (International money marketing, Sep 2004) At the health risk point, the company should give allowance to the employees who are working in the third world country. For those employees, company should cover more insurance on health problems. And before the employee go to that country, the company need to investigate if the country is too dangers (about health) to work. (Employee benefits magazine, Sep 2004) Long-term recommendations: For the equalization of performance appraisal, According to Sparrow (2000), in developing an Equalization of performance appraises, HR managers should consider: Outsourcing, using the organization’s international talent bank for international assignment. Verify the difference between the additional benefits according to international standards such as PPP, but base salary unchanged. Establish an elite cadre of international executives who see their careers as being in international management For the issues with citizenships, for the legal issue of citizenship of different countries, the company should know the legal requirements of different countries of keeping a citizenship or residence. Most countries require their citizen to come back to the home country periodically; otherwise the expatriate may lose their citizenships. Also, if the expatriate’s child was born aboard, and the expatriate hasn’t been in the home country for a certain period, their child may loss the citizenship for the home country. For the long-term issue of insurance, death and disable issues are the most significant issues. If the employer wants to be no risk at all, he/she should buy the host country’s insurance for their employees. Because the employees are working at overseas, if something happened, that’s all at overseas. As the in the group case, it tells us the employers have to buy insurance for employees in the host country until they have returned. References Ahmed et al. 2003. Working Paper Series: SWOT Analysis for Air China Performance and its Experience with Quality. May http://www. bradford. ac. uk/acad/management/external/pdf/workingpapers/2003/Booklet_03=11. pdf (Accessed 3 May 2006) Air China 2003a. Foundation of Air China. http://www. airchina. com. cn/en/zj/1_1. htm [Accessed 1 May 2006] Air China 2003b. Recruitment information. http://www. airchina. com. cn/buttom/zp_1. tm [Accessed 1 May 2006] Air China Limited. 2005. Global Offering. http://www. airchina. com. cn/en/tz/pdf/152Dec1N%20AsPrinted%20-%20NoBan. pdf. (accessed May 7, 2006) Air China Website. 2006. http://www. airchina. com. cn/zx/NewsDetail. jsp? subtype=airchinaid=20060329102309 [Accessed 3 May 2006] Appelbaum, H. S. and Brenda, M. F. (2004), â€Å"Safety and Customer Service: Contemporary Practices In Diversity, Organiz ational Development and Training and Development in the Global Civil Aviation Industry†, Management Research News, Vol. 27, p. 15. Appelbaum, S. H. Brenda M Fewster. (2002). Global aviation human resource management: Contemporary recruitment and selection and diversity and equal opportunity practice. Equal Opportunities International. 21(7). p. 66. ATAG (Air Transport Action Group). 2005. The economics social benefits of air transport. September. http://www. atag. org/files/Soceconomic-121116A. pdf (accessed 7 December 2011) Chen Xiaoming (2005). China airline annual report 2005. China Corporation Association Staff. (2005). China corporation association annual report 2005. Civil Aviation Resource Net of China. 2005 Best

Direct Speech Definition and Examples

Direct Speech Definition and Examples Direct speech is a report of the exact words used by a speaker or writer. Contrast with indirect speech. Also called direct discourse. Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame. Examples and Observations A South Carolina parrot was the sole witness to the death by neglect of a 98-year-old woman. Help me, Help me, said the parrot. Ha ha ha!(reported in Harpers Magazine, February 2011)I went in search of the good beer. Along the way, I caught an intriguing snippet of conversation in the sunroom:â€Å"So if I win at that table, I’ll go on to the World Series,† said the mom I know as some kind of government contractor.â€Å"World Series?† you ask.â€Å"Of Poker,† she replied. â€Å"I went last year.†Whoa.(Petula Dvorak, White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner Has Nothing on Suburban Fete. The Washington Post, May 3, 2012)How old are you? the man asked.The little boy, at the eternal question, looked at the man suspiciously for a minute and then said, Twenty-six. Eight hunnerd and forty eighty.His mother lifted her head from the book. Four, she said, smiling fondly at the little boy.Is that so? the man said politely to the little boy. Twenty -six. He nodded his head at the mother across the aisle. Is that your mother?The little boy leaned forward to look and then said, Yes, thats her.Whats your name? the man asked.The little boy looked suspicious again. Mr. Jesus, he said.(Shirley Jackson, The Witch. The Lottery and Other Stories. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1949) Direct Speech and Indirect Speech While direct speech purports to give a verbatim rendition of the words that were spoken, indirect speech is more variable in claiming to represent a faithful report of the content or content and form of the words that were spoken. It is important to note, however, that the question of whether and how faithful a given speech report actually is, is of a quite different order. Both direct and indirect speech are stylistic devices for conveying messages. The former is used as if the words being used were those of another, which are therefore pivoted to a deictic center different from the speech situation of the report. Indirect speech, in contrast, has its deictic center in the report situation and is variable with respect to the extent that faithfulness to the linguistic form of what was said is being claimed. (Florian Coulmas, Reported Speech: Some General Issues. Direct and Indirect Speech, ed. by F. Coulmas. Walter de Gruyter, 1986) Direct Speech as Drama When a speaking event is reported via direct speech forms, it is possible to include many features that dramatize the way in which an utterance was produced. The quotative frame can also include verbs which indicate the speakers manner of expression (e.g. cry, exclaim, gasp), voice quality (e.g. mutter, scream, whisper), and type of emotion (e.g. giggle, laugh, sob). It can also include adverbs (e.g. angrily, brightly, cautiously, hoarsely, quickly, slowly) and descriptions of the reported speakers style and tone of voice, as illustrated in [5]. [5a] I have some good news, she whispered in a mischievous way.[5b] What is it? he snapped immediately.[5c] Cant you guess? she giggled.[5d] Oh, no! Dont tell me youre pregnant he wailed, with a whining nasal sound in his voice. The literary style of the examples in [5] is associated with an older tradition. In contemporary novels, there is often no indication, other than separate lines, of which character is speaking, as the direct speech forms are presented like a dramatic script, one after the other. (George Yule, Explaining English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1998) Like: Signaling Direct Speech in Conversation An interesting new way of signaling direct speech has recently developed among younger English speakers and is spreading from the United States to Britain. This occurs entirely in spoken conversation, rather than in writing, . . . but here are some examples anyway. (It may help to imagine an American teenager speaking these examples.) - . . . Though the construction is new [in 1994] and not yet standard, its meaning is very clear. It seems to be used more often to report thoughts rather than actual speech. (James R. Hurford, Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994) Differences in Reported Speech Even in the days of audio and video recording, there can be surprising differences in direct quotations attributed to the same source. A simple comparison of the same speech event covered in different newspapers can illustrate the problem. When his country was not invited to a meeting of the Commonwealth of Nations in 2003, the president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, said the following in a televised speech, according to The New York Times: If our sovereignty is what we have to lose to be re-admitted into the Commonwealth, Mr. Mugabe was quoted as saying on Friday, we will say goodbye to the Commonwealth. And perhaps the time has now come to say so. (Wines 2003) And the following according to an Associated Press story in the Philadelphia Inquirer. If our sovereignty is to be real, then we will say goodbye to the Commonwealth, [sic; second quotation mark missing] Mugabe said in remarks broadcast on state television. Perhaps the time has come to say so. (Shaw 2003) Did Mugabe produce both versions of these comments? If he gave only one, which published version is accurate? Do the versions have different sources? Are the differences in the exact wording significant or not?(Jeanne Fahnestock, Rhetorical Style: The Uses of Language in Persuasion. Oxford University Press, 2011)

300 W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Stock Market Shocks: The Great Depression and Recession

Stock Market Shocks: The Great Depression and Recession Stock Market Shocks during the Great Depression and the International Financial Crisis. ABSTRACT: This paper inspects the impact of stuns saw in the Stock Market on yield and vocation. Amid the Great Depression. We display three principle discoveries. Initially, an unfavorable budgetary stun prompts a decrease in the assembling divisions yield and vocation that crests around 11 months a short time later. Next, this stun has a much more noteworthy effect on the durables area than the nondurables division. Last, The Stock Market related to the economy shortcoming in 1933 and 1934 may have controlled the recuperation from the Great Depression. The discoveries propose that Stock Market shortcoming added to the length and profundity of the Great Depression. On the other hand, the spread of the worldwide Financial Crisis of 2008/2009 was quick, and affected the working and the execution of Stock Market. Because of the significance of this sensation, this study plans to clarify the effect of the emergency on securities exchange conduct also reliance through the investigation of the intr aday unpredictability transmission. Finally, comparing and contrasting the impact of the Great Depression and the Global Financial Crisis on the Stock Market Variables. I. Introduction: Recent occasions have highlighted the impact of monetary framework or the Stock Market disturbances on the macroeconomy. An extensive ensuing writing has analyzed this channel with an accentuation on the impact of disturbances to the saving money framework. (Romer, 2003) Notwithstanding bank disappointments, the Great Depression was additionally a time of noteworthy money related business to a stock stress, which may have added to its seriousness. (Romer, 2003) Roused by this perception, we present confirmation relating Stock Market shocks to real economic outcomes. We look at the impact of stuns reviewed in the Stock Markets utilizing vector auto-relapses (VARs) on month to month information for yield, job, wholesale costs, and a budgetary business sector variable. (Richardson G. , 2006). On the other hand, the recent worldwide Financial Crisis has impressively influenced the Stock Market and is viewed as the most destroying emergency since the Great Depression of 1929. (Treichel, 2 012).As per information from the World League of Exchanges, toward the end of 2007 the world value market promotion was more than $66 trillion and forcefully declined in 2009 to remain at $48 trillion a drop of 21.5%, which is equivalent to 27% of worldwide GDP for 2009. (Treichel, 2012) This emergency, which fundamentally started in the US market, spread quickly what's more perilously to created and developing budgetary markets and to genuine economy as far and wide as possible. (Colander, 2009) This paper will significantly examine the crucial consequences of the Great depression and recent Financial Crisis on the Stock Market. LITERATURE REVIEW These sources talk about circumstances and end results of the Great Depression which happened around the 1929 until mid-1930. Here, the creators investigations and specifies a portion of the circumstances and end results of this dejection that influence the United States as well as different countries too. It will likewise be survey a few measurements and actualities began by the Great Depression. (Foreign Affairs, 2007) The Global Financial Crisis is an essential part of Financial markets is to direct assets to their generally gainful utilizes, and when this capacity is traded off, profit endures and could have long term impact. The most immediate genuine impacts of disturbances in Stock market are on capital reallocation amid and after the severe crisis. (ORGANIZATION, 2010) The Great Depression as indicated by Temin and White, the first keeping money and banking emergency was brought about by exacerbating essential components, instead of disease among banks. Temin (1976) contends that the Stock Market Crash, the Dust Bowl, and the following monetary, rural, and modern discouragements decreased the estimation of bank's ventures and raised suspension rates. (Richardson, 2007) The exploration has demonstrated that the connection between the three securities exchange lists have been stronger amid the Financial Crisis that broke out mid-2007 than before the emergency. This outcome is clarified by the way that speculator alarm now and again of Crisis is more exceptional than energy Communicated amid development periods. (Gammoudi, 2009) II. The Great Depression. The Great Depression from 1929 to1939 was the longest enduring and deepest financial downturn in the historical backdrop in the Western industrialized world not only in the United States. (Rodney, 2008) In the United States, the Great Depression started not long after money markets accident of 1929, which delivered Wall Street into a frenzy and wiped out a huge number of financial specialists all over the world. (Edwards, 2005) Throughout the following quite a while, customer spending and venture dropped, bringing about steep decreases in modern yield and climbing levels of unemployment as falling flat organizations laid off specialists. (Edwards, 2005) By 1933, when the Great Depression arrived at its nadir, approximately 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and about a large portion of the nation's banks had fizzled. (Pells, 2014) In spite of the fact that the alleviation and change measures set up by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped reduce the most exceedingly ter rible impacts of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not completely turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high apparatus. (Richardson G. , 2006) The Stock Market Variables. The month to month stock unpredictability measure utilized as a part of the study breaks even with the month to month normal of unquestionably the everyday stock returns less the normal stock return for that month. (Chin, 2010) Figure 1 exhibits the monetary variables utilized in the study. Stocks rose significantly through the 1920s. It started to decrease pointedly in the fall of 1929 and arrived at its most reduced point in June 1932. (Chin, 2010).At its trough, the share trading system had declined by more than 83% percent from its top quality. In spite of the fact that the share trading system enhanced with the economy, it didn't come back to its pre-great Depression top level until World War II. The way for stock value developments recommends that the specialist sharp decrease in total assets may have exacerbated the Great Depression. Figure 1: (Chin, 2010) The Effect on the durable and nondurable good sectors. Stock and Financial stuns ought to have a more prominent impact on the durables merchandise part than the nondurables area. (Chin, 2010) We gather information on the yield and livelihood of these divisions to look at whether monetary stuns had a more prominent effect on the durables sector. (Chin, 2010) Figure 3 plots the employment and output of these two segments over the example period. Employment and output of the durables part declined steeply over the Great Depression, tumbling from top to trough by around 77 and 57 percent, separately. In correlation, the nondurables part was less influenced amid the Great Depression. (Romer C. D., 2003) Figure 2: Durable and nondurable good sectors. (Chin, 2010) III.The Financial Crisis The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) or worldwide economic crisis is generally accepted to have started in July 2007 with the credit crunch, when a loss of certainty by US speculators in the estimation of sub-prime home loans brought about a liquidity emergency. (Kapoor, 2010).This, thus, brought about the US Federal Bank infusing a lot of capital into money related markets. By September 2008, the emergency had compounded as securities exchanges around the globe slammed and got to be very unpredictable. (Kapoor, 2010) Effect of recent financial market disruptions The VARs amid the Great Depression to study the impact of the Financial Market sector stuns amid the fall of 2008. Budgetary markets were subject to a progression of unforeseen occasions amid this period, which prompt sharp unfavorable developments in stock costs and credit spreads. (Chin, 2010) The past results propose that these stuns may have a noteworthy effect on the genuine economy. Table 1 displays the evaluated impact of monetary business developments amid September and October, 2008. (Chin, 2010). The evaluated impact on yield and occupation are accounted for at the crest drive reaction time of 11 months and further on at year and a half. (Chin, 2010) The outcomes show that the Stock Market interruptions are evaluated to have a monetarily expansive impact on the assembling sector. At the top, these advancements are assessed to result in output and aggregate hours decreases in the fabricating segment of around 16 and 12 percent, i ndividually. These negative impacts are normal to be very constant, enduring admirably into 2010. (Chin, 2010) Table 1: (Chin, 2010) The Financial Crisis and the Behavior of Stock Prices As the explore of the impact of the late Financial Crisis on the conduct of stock costs utilizing the day by day returns of thirty one noteworthy US stocks over the 2007/08 period. (Rodney, 2008)Unequivocal mean day by day returns tumbled to negative levels, unequivocal instability surged more than two hundred percent, relationship between stocks debilitated and the danger lessening advantage of portfolio expansion rose. Beta danger expanded fundamentally for monetary stocks and the significance of business danger for them dropped. (Colander, 2009) IV. The differences between The Great Depression and Financial Crisis. The Monetary Policy and Deficit Spending Firstly, the Stock Market Crash is one of the causes of the Great Depression. But, in 2007 Crisis the mortgage issues was responsible for implementing the Financial Crisis. (Cukierman, 2009) Therefore, not the Stock Market. Before the Great Depression, the United States was under the extremely thrifty authority of the Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge organizations. (Cukierman, 2009) Both made solid strides to somberness and keeping up fiscal obligation. The comprehension of financial arrangement was straightforward: the central government ought to be run on an adjusted plan. The immense part the central government now plays, particularly as to Medicare, Social Security, Medicaid, and military spending with respect to the deficient expense rates we craving, is unsustainable. In any case, amid a financial emergency, private spending dissipates. This is tricky in light of the fact that shopper spending speaks to 70% of the United States economy. (Cukierman, 2009) In the 1930s, ther e were various economists who contended strenuously for a do-nothing arrangement. Yet as the Great Depression delayed and fallen in 1937 when preservationists were fruitful in having the national government slice the monetary allowance shortage (it tumbled from 5.5% of GDP in 1936 to 0% in 1938) they lost believability. Economists today for the most part accept that it was the extraordinary shortfalls coming about because of World War II that really finished the Great Depression. (Colander, 2009) GDP Growth Gross Domestic Product (GDP) development is presumably the best consider figuring out what constitutes a melancholy versus a subsidence. The most oversimplified meaning of a subsidence is when monetary development contracts for two quarters straight; notwithstanding, the seriousness is measured in genuine decay, not just by the refinement in the middle of positive and negative development. (Edwards, 2005) The economy was moderating in 2007, and fell by -0.7 and +0.6 in the first and second quarters of 2008, separately, however then tumbled off a bluff. The third and fourth quarters of 2008 were -4.0% and -6.8%, individually, taken after by -6.40% and 0.70% in the first and second quarters of 2009. (Colander, 2009) The fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009 were the first progressive quarters subsequent to the Great Depression that maintained development beneath -5.0%. (Edwards, 2005) Conclusion The relative comparison did in this paper was coordinated to check the conduct of the most synthetic and collected marker accessible between the Great Depression and the Financial Crisis. The Great Depression was additionally a time of noteworthy money related business to a stock stress that ranked as the deepest financial downturn in the historical backdrop of the industrialized world. The Great Depression started not long after money markets accident of October 1930, which delivered Wall Street into a wiped out a huge number of financial specialists. In addition to the impact on other variables at its trough. Firstly, the share trading system had reduced by more than 82 percent from its top quality and the everyday stock returns less the normal stock return for that month. Secondly, the impact on the durables and nondurables good sector that significantly had a crucial effect on employment and output of the durables part declined steeply over the Great Depression, tumbling from top to trough by around 77 and 57 percent. On the other hand, The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) or worldwide economic crisis is generally accepted to have started in July 2007 with the credit crunch that recently had prompt of a sharp unfavorable and downturns of developments in stock costs and credit spreads on recent financial market disruptions. Finally, the analytical comparison between the Great Depression and the Financial Crisis on the Monetary Policy and Deficit Spending that actually both made solid strides to somberness and keeping up fiscal obligation. Finally, the GDP Growth that presumably considered figuring out what constitutes a melancholy versus a subsidence between the Great Depression and the Global Financial Crisis.